Preliminary investigations on Arctic microalgae by joint application of fluorescent instruments     

ZHANG Fang  HE Jianfeng  GUANG Yingzhi 《极地研究(英文版)》2012,23(2)

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海水盐度对外来物种沙筛贝摄食率的影响     

彭欣  蔡立哲  郑瑜  KatjaThon 《台湾海峡》2012,31(1):95-99

外来物种沙筛贝(Mytilopsis sallei)是一种滤食性软体动物双壳类,它有着很快的生长速度和很强的摄食能力.为了探索沙筛贝在不同盐度下对微藻的摄食能力,采用颗粒计数仪,测定了沙筛贝在15、20、25、30、35等5个盐度梯度下对等鞭金藻(Isochrysis galbana)和小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)的摄食率,比较了不同沙筛贝个体大小对小球藻的摄食率.结果表明,沙筛贝对等边金藻和小球藻的摄食率均在盐度25时达到最大,分别为3.42×104cells/(ind.h)和6.72×104cells/(ind.h).沙筛贝对等边金藻的摄食率随时间推移而降低,一是因为沙筛贝摄食率随着藻类密度的降低而减小,二是当海水盐度下降,沙筛贝渗透压改变,导致了进入其外套腔的海水体积的减少,从而摄食率也减少.个体较大(壳长2.8～3.5 cm)的沙筛贝对小球藻的摄食率明显高于个体较小(壳长1.7～2.4 cm)的沙筛贝的摄食率,这与其他贝类的研究结果是一致的.  相似文献   

固定化微藻对改善养殖水质和增强对虾抗病力的研究   总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15  

黄翔鹄  李长玲  郑莲  刘楚吾  陈永任 《海洋通报》2005,24(2):57-62

引入固定化波吉卵囊藻(Oocystis borgei)和微绿球藻(Nannochloris oculata)于凡纳对虾(Penaeus vannamei)养殖环境中,检测与凡纳对虾抗病力有关因子的变化和测定主要水质因子,研究固定化微藻改善养殖水质对对虾抗病力的影响。结果表明：引入固定化波吉卵囊藻和微绿球藻的藻珠能改善水质,凡纳对虾的血细胞数目,血清蛋白的含量以及酚氧化酶、溶菌酶、抗菌酶的活性都较对照组显著提高。固定化波吉卵囊藻对氨氮的吸收能力较强,而固定化微绿球藻对亚硝酸盐氮的吸收能力较强。试验期间固定化波吉卵囊藻和微绿球藻的褐藻胶藻珠中的生物量分别增加了约10倍和17倍,证明它们的生理活性不会因固定化而受干扰。因此,固定化微藻可应用于虾池微藻生态调控防病。  相似文献   

南麂列岛国家海洋自然保护区微,小型藻类生态研究：Ⅰ.种类组成与生态特点     

朱根海  王旭 《海洋学研究》1998,16(2):1-21

本文对南麂列岛国家海洋自然保护区微、小型藻类的种类组成、生态类群、分布特点等进行了较详细的分析研究。经鉴定共有微、小型藻类４５９种,在海水和海洋底栖沉积物中发现的有２８３种;泥滩、沙滩、岩礁潮间带中发现的有２８１种;两者共同出现的有１０５种。其中,硅藻类占７１．２４％,蓝藻类占１３．９４％,甲藻类占１２．６４％,绿藻类和金藻类分别占１．５３％和０．６５％。这些种类大都为本区的新记录,为我国海洋微、小型藻类首次记录的有３０种。根据种类组成、分布特点和温度性质,划分为三个生态类群：广布性类群、暖水性类群、温带性类群。此外,根据生境或生活方式不同,划分为两个生态类群：海洋浮游藻类、海洋底栖藻类或附生藻类;根据盐度的不同,又可划分为：淡水藻类、半咸水藻类、海洋藻类;还可以根据藻类个体大小的不同,划分为两个生态类群：海洋微型藻类、海洋小型藻类。  相似文献   

Overview and status of estuarine microphytobenthos ecological research in South Africa     

T Dalu  JB Adams  JC Taylor  GC Bate  M Nunes  PW Froneman 《African Journal of Marine Science》2018,40(1):1-12

This article presents a historical overview of estuarine microphytobenthos (MPB) research in South Africa published over the period 1950 to the present, highlighting major milestones, challenges and estuarine management problems, as well as future research needs within the South African context. The studies that were covered comprise peer-reviewed books and journal articles on relevant research conducted in any estuarine environment during the period reviewed. There was a general increase in MPB research outputs over the decades, from only two publications in the 1950s, to over 20 outputs between 2010 and the present. Whereas the MPB studies in South Africa cover a broad spectrum of themes, the research priorities in these works have changed from taxonomically biased studies to those of ecologically based research. Research in the 1950s and 1960s was exclusively taxonomic in nature, with the first ecological investigation incorporating MPB being produced in the 1970s. By the 1980s, ecological studies dominated the research outputs and this trend has persisted to the present. The 1990s and 2000s saw the rise of research into the role of fresh water as a driver of MPB dynamics, whereas the period 2010 to the present saw an increase in more diverse ecological themes, ranging from an autecological investigation to food-web studies and the assessment of multiple drivers of MPB dynamics. However, the majority of studies have focused on either diatoms or estimates of overall MPB biomass. Moreover, there is a regional underrepresentation that runs broadly along biogeographic lines, with the bulk of the work having been conducted in the warm-temperate and subtropical zones of South Africa. Challenges and future research needs for the region are outlined, as is the need to expand MPB research to include other aspects of the biology and ecology of this flora.  相似文献   

Experimental studies on dimethylsulfide (DMS) and dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) production by four marine microalgae     

LI Chengxuan  YANG Guipeng  PAN Jinfen  ZHANG Honghai 《海洋学报(英文版)》2010,29(4):78-87

The production of dimethylsulfide (DMS) and dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) by marine microalgae was investigated to elucidate more on the role of marine phytoplankton in ocean-atmosphere interactions in the global biogeochemical sulfur cycle.Axenic laboratory cultures of four marine microalgae–Isochrysis galbana 8701,Pavlova viridis,Platymonas sp.and Chlorella were tested for DMSP production and conversion into DMS.Among these four microalgae,Isochrysis galbana 8701 and Pavlova viridis are two species of Haptophyta,while Chlorella and Platymonas sp.belong to Chlorophyta.The results demonstrate that the four algae can produce various amounts of DMS(P),and their DMS(P) production was species specific.With similar cell size,more DMS was released by Haptophyta than that by Chlorophyta.DMS and dissolved DMSP (DMSPd) concentrations in algal cultures varied significantly during their life cycles.The highest release of DMS appeared in the senescent period for all the four algae.Variations in DMSP concentrations were in strong compliance with variations in algal cell densities during the growing period.A highly significant correlation was observed between the DMS and DMSPd concentrations in algal cultures,and there was a time lag for the variation trend of the DMS concentrations as compared with that of the DMSPd.The consistency of variation patterns of DMS and DMSPd implies that the DMSPd produced by phytoplankton cells has a marked effect on the production of DMS.In the present study,the authors’ results specify the significant contribution of the marine phytoplankton to DMS(P) production and the importance of biological control of DMS concentrations in oceanic water.  相似文献   

Pseudo-nitzschia spp. (Bacillariophyceae) and dissolved organic matter (DOM) dynamics in the Ebro Delta (Alfacs Bay, NW Mediterranean Sea)     

Sofia Loureiro  Esther Garcs  Margarita Fernndez-Tejedor  Dolors Vaqu  Jordi Camp 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009,83(4):539-549

Samples were collected during one annual cycle (April 2007–March 2008) at Alfacs Bay (NW Mediterranean Sea) central station in order to assess the influence of organic nutrients in the growth of the microalgae assemblage, with special reference to Pseudo-nitzschia spp. This potentially toxic diatom forms natural and recurrent blooms in the study area. To assess further the relationship between Pseudo-nitzschia spp. and nutrients an enrichment experiment with high molecular weight dissolved organic matter (HMWDOM) was performed with field samples obtained during a Pseudo-nitzschia spp. bloom. HMWDOM was extracted from water collected at Alfacs Bay. Five bioassays were prepared: N + P (seawater with addition of nitrate and phosphate), DOM (addition of HMWDOM), (−N + P) + DOM (nitrogen deficient, with addition of phosphate and HMWDOM), (N + P) + DOM (addition of nitrate, phosphate and HMWDOM), seawater control (without added nutrients), and B + DOM (control of bacteria, without microalgae). The experiment was run in batch mode over 4 days. Results from the field study revealed that the concentrations of organic nutrients mostly surpassed the inorganic pool. Pseudo-nitzschia spp. was the most frequent and abundant taxa of the microalgae community. The micro-planktonic assemblage was arranged according to a seasonal factor (ANOSIM and cluster analysis). DON, nitrate and silicate were the most important abiotic parameters contributing to the dissimilarities between seasons (SIMPER analysis) and thereby potentially influencing the seasonal distribution of microalgae in the representative station. In the experimental investigation, Pseudo-nitzschia cells increased by the end of the experiment in the DOM bioassay but no respective increase was observed for chlorophyll a. This could point to an acquisition of nutrients through the DOM fraction that would conjointly reduce the need of chlorophyll a. The data obtained suggest that organic nutrients may exert an important role in the development of microalgae, including Pseudo-nitzschia spp., in the selected location.  相似文献   

The recovery of microalgal production and biomass in a South African temporarily open/closed estuary, following mouth breaching     

Akash Anandraj  Renzo Perissinotto  Christian Nozais  Derek Stretch 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008,79(4):599-606

Mouth breaching is a recurrent event in temporarily open/closed estuaries (TOCEs). Such disturbances result in flushing and sediment scouring, reducing the microalgal biomass stock. The depletion of these microalgae may have negative repercussions in the form of depleted stocks of commercial fish, game fish, crustaceans and mollusks. The aim of this investigation was therefore: (1) to monitor the recovery of microalgal biomass and production following a breaching event; and (2) to determine the key environmental parameters influencing primary production during the open and recovery phases. Phytoplankton and benthic microalgal production was measured (¹⁴C-uptake method) successively during the closed, open and recovery phases of the Mdloti TOCE (South Africa). Upon breaching, 94–99% of microalgal biomass was washed out to sea through flushing and sediment scouring. A temporary recovery of phytoplankton and benthic microalgal biomass was observed during the open phase, but this was not sustained because of continual flushing and scouring of the sediment. During the re-closure (recovery phase), microalgal biomass immediately increased, reaching pre-breaching levels 35–40 days following the breaching event. In contrast to biomass, autochthonous pelagic primary production reached a maximum level (341 mg C m⁻² h⁻¹) during the open phase. Pelagic primary production normalized to biomass (P^B) significantly increased during the open phase. This is attributed to a favorable combination of optimum light conditions, high influx of macronutrients and high water temperatures (33 °C). Similarly, benthic primary production normalized to biomass (P^B) peaked during the open phase (35 mg C mg chl-a⁻¹ h⁻¹). Multivariate analysis showed that major variations in primary production were mainly controlled by temperature, dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) to phosphorus (DIP) molar ratios (water-column and pore-water) and light extinction (K_d), all of which were regulated by the state of the mouth.  相似文献   

Benthic metabolism and the fate of dissolved inorganic nitrogen in intertidal sediments     

W.P. Porubsky  N.B. Weston  S.B. Joye   《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009,83(4):392-402

We determined patterns of benthic metabolism and examined the relative importance of denitrification (DNF) and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) as sinks for nitrate (NO₃⁻) in intertidal sediments in the presence and absence of benthic microalgal (BMA) activity. By influencing the activity of BMA, light regulated the metabolic status of the sediments, and, in turn, exerted strong control on sediment nitrogen dynamics and the fate of inorganic nitrogen. A pulsed addition of ¹⁵N-labeled NO₃⁻ tracked the effect and fate of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) in the system. Under illuminated conditions, BMA communities influenced benthic fluxes directly, via DIN uptake, and indirectly, by altering the oxygen penetration depth. Under dark hypoxic and anoxic conditions, the fate of water column NO₃⁻ was determined largely by three competing dissimilatory reductive processes; DNF, DNRA, and, on one occasion, anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox). Mass balance of the added ¹⁵N tracer illustrated that DNF accounted for a maximum of 48.2% of the ¹⁵NO₃⁻ reduced while DNRA (a minimum of 11.4%) and anammox (a minimum of 2.2%) accounted for much less. A slurry experiment was employed to further examine the partitioning between DNF and DNRA. High sulfide concentrations negatively impacted rates of both processes, while high DOC:NO₃⁻ ratios favored DNRA over DNF.  相似文献   

Benthic trophic status and nutrient fluxes in shallow-water sediments     

Anna Engelsen  Stefan Hulth  Leif Pihl  Kristina Sundbck 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008,78(4):783-795

Proliferation of fast-growing ephemeral macroalgae in shallow-water embayments constitutes a large-scale environmental change of coastal marine ecosystems. Since inorganic nutrients essential for the initiation and maintenance of macroalgal growth may be supplied from the underlying sediment, we investigated the coupling between benthic inorganic nutrient (mainly N and P) fluxes and sediment properties in 6 bays representing a wide gradient of sediment characteristics (grain size, organic matter content, solid phase C and N). The initial characterization of bays was made in June and also included measurements of oxygen flux and microphytobenthic and macrofaunal biomass. In September, still within the growth season of the macroalgae, complementary experiments with sediment-water incubations for benthic flux measurements of oxygen and nutrients focused on trophic status (balance between auto- and heterotrophy) as a controlling factor for rates of measured benthic nutrient fluxes. Generally, sediments rendered autotrophic by microphytobenthic photosynthesis removed nutrients from the overlying water, while heterotrophic sediments supplied nutrients to the overlying bottom water. Estimations of the green-algal nutrient demand suggested that late in the growth season, net heterotrophic sediments could cover 20% of the N-demand and 70% of the P demand. As the benthic trophic status is a functional variable more closely coupled to nutrient fluxes than the comparably conservative structural parameter organic matter content, we suggest that the trophic status is a more viable parameter to classify sediments and predict benthic nutrient fluxes in shallow-water environments.  相似文献